Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
Apr 13th 2007 | 9:22 am
#16
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 15:23:34 -0400, "James Silverton"
<not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not> wrote:
> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
>
> ??>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
>
> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
> ??>> dollar...???
>
> L> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only worth
> L> about 0.90 US$.
>
>The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99
1.1659 1-1-99
> but its value when
>the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
>0.9039 according to my records.
0.8954
> It had gone as low as $0.83
>before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of $0.86
0.8624
>and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
ECB figures from
http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eu...ph-usd.en.html
--
Martin
<not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not> wrote:
> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
>
> ??>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
>
> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
> ??>> dollar...???
>
> L> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only worth
> L> about 0.90 US$.
>
>The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99
1.1659 1-1-99
> but its value when
>the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
>0.9039 according to my records.
0.8954
> It had gone as low as $0.83
>before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of $0.86
0.8624
>and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
ECB figures from
http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eu...ph-usd.en.html
--
Martin
Apr 13th 2007 | 9:27 am
#17
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
Martin wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 23:22:02 +0200:
??>> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
??>>
??>>>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
??>>
??>>>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
??>>>> dollar...???
??>>
L>>> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only
L>>> worth about 0.90 US$.
??>>
??>> The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99
M> 1.1659 1-1-99
??>> but its value when
??>> the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
??>> 0.9039 according to my records.
M> 0.8954
??>> It had gone as low as $0.83
??>> before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of
??>> $0.86
M> 0.8624
??>> and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
M> ECB figures from
M>
http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eu...ph-usd.en.html
I don't think we are in any basic disagreement but I am using
the OANDA, http://www.oanda.com/ ,exchange rates so there could
be minor differences.
James Silverton
Potomac, Maryland
E-mail, with obvious alterations:
not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not
??>> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
??>>
??>>>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
??>>
??>>>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
??>>>> dollar...???
??>>
L>>> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only
L>>> worth about 0.90 US$.
??>>
??>> The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99
M> 1.1659 1-1-99
??>> but its value when
??>> the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
??>> 0.9039 according to my records.
M> 0.8954
??>> It had gone as low as $0.83
??>> before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of
??>> $0.86
M> 0.8624
??>> and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
M> ECB figures from
M>
http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eu...ph-usd.en.html
I don't think we are in any basic disagreement but I am using
the OANDA, http://www.oanda.com/ ,exchange rates so there could
be minor differences.
James Silverton
Potomac, Maryland
E-mail, with obvious alterations:
not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not
Apr 13th 2007 | 9:44 am
#18
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
Make credence recognised that on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 11:38:31 -0700,
VainGlorious <[email protected]> has scripted:
>On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 13:37:25 -0400, Viking <[email protected]>
>wrote:
>
>>On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 16:13:17 +0200, Earl Evleth <[email protected]>
>>wrote:
>>
>>>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
>>>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
>>>rates.
>>
>>Goodbye european vacation this year. Thanks, GW Bush.
>
>Nonsense!
>
>Just save up a few percent more!
>
>You can also plan a trip to non-Euro countries, where the dollar still
>has slightly more value than a discarded Kleenex. On my next trip,
>costs incurred in Austria and Italy will offset by savings realized in
>Croatia and Hungary.
>
>And yes, Bush is a fascist idiot.
Bush is just an idiot. It was the American voters that reelected the
likes of Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. For that you have no one to
blame but yourselves or your neighbours.
--
---
DFM - http://www.deepfriedmars.com
---
--
VainGlorious <[email protected]> has scripted:
>On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 13:37:25 -0400, Viking <[email protected]>
>wrote:
>
>>On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 16:13:17 +0200, Earl Evleth <[email protected]>
>>wrote:
>>
>>>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
>>>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
>>>rates.
>>
>>Goodbye european vacation this year. Thanks, GW Bush.
>
>Nonsense!
>
>Just save up a few percent more!
>
>You can also plan a trip to non-Euro countries, where the dollar still
>has slightly more value than a discarded Kleenex. On my next trip,
>costs incurred in Austria and Italy will offset by savings realized in
>Croatia and Hungary.
>
>And yes, Bush is a fascist idiot.
Bush is just an idiot. It was the American voters that reelected the
likes of Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. For that you have no one to
blame but yourselves or your neighbours.
--
---
DFM - http://www.deepfriedmars.com
---
--
Apr 13th 2007 | 9:55 am
#19
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 17:27:01 -0400, "James Silverton"
<not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not> wrote:
> Martin wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 23:22:02 +0200:
>
> ??>> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
> ??>>
> ??>>>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
> ??>>
> ??>>>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
> ??>>>> dollar...???
> ??>>
> L>>> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only
> L>>> worth about 0.90 US$.
> ??>>
> ??>> The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99
>
> M> 1.1659 1-1-99
>
> ??>> but its value when
> ??>> the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
> ??>> 0.9039 according to my records.
>
> M> 0.8954
>
> ??>> It had gone as low as $0.83
> ??>> before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of
> ??>> $0.86
>
> M> 0.8624
>
> ??>> and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
>
> M> ECB figures from
> M>
>http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eu...ph-usd.en.html
>
>I don't think we are in any basic disagreement but I am using
>the OANDA, http://www.oanda.com/ ,exchange rates so there could
>be minor differences.
I think I was agreeing with you in an ECB sort of way :-)
--
Martin
<not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not> wrote:
> Martin wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 23:22:02 +0200:
>
> ??>> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
> ??>>
> ??>>>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
> ??>>
> ??>>>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
> ??>>>> dollar...???
> ??>>
> L>>> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only
> L>>> worth about 0.90 US$.
> ??>>
> ??>> The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99
>
> M> 1.1659 1-1-99
>
> ??>> but its value when
> ??>> the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
> ??>> 0.9039 according to my records.
>
> M> 0.8954
>
> ??>> It had gone as low as $0.83
> ??>> before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of
> ??>> $0.86
>
> M> 0.8624
>
> ??>> and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
>
> M> ECB figures from
> M>
>http://www.ecb.int/stats/exchange/eu...ph-usd.en.html
>
>I don't think we are in any basic disagreement but I am using
>the OANDA, http://www.oanda.com/ ,exchange rates so there could
>be minor differences.
I think I was agreeing with you in an ECB sort of way :-)
--
Martin
Apr 13th 2007 | 11:23 am
#20
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
Gregory Morrow wrote:
> Earl Evleth wrote:
>
>
>>Actually it is flirting with a record high.
>>
>>***
>>Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
>>
>>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
>>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
>>rates.
>
>
>
> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
My first trip to Europe after the euro was adopted, it was
worth about 0.80 USD. How times have changed!
>
> Earl Evleth wrote:
>
>
>>Actually it is flirting with a record high.
>>
>>***
>>Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
>>
>>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
>>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
>>rates.
>
>
>
> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
My first trip to Europe after the euro was adopted, it was
worth about 0.80 USD. How times have changed!
>
Apr 13th 2007 | 1:10 pm
#21
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
Lars wrote:
> On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 15:24:32 GMT, "Gregory Morrow"
> <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
>>>The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
>
>
>>What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
>
>
> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only worth about
> 0.90 US$.
>
>
> Lars
> Stockholm
Not really. It started at US $1.18 or so, Then while they were waiting
for the currency it cratered.
> On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 15:24:32 GMT, "Gregory Morrow"
> <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>
>>>The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
>
>
>>What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
>
>
> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only worth about
> 0.90 US$.
>
>
> Lars
> Stockholm
Not really. It started at US $1.18 or so, Then while they were waiting
for the currency it cratered.
Apr 13th 2007 | 2:45 pm
#22
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 15:23:34 -0400, "James Silverton"
<not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not> wrote:
> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
>
> ??>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
>
> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
> ??>> dollar...???
>
> L> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only worth
> L> about 0.90 US$.
>
>The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99 but its value when
>the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
>0.9039 according to my records. It had gone as low as $0.83
>before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of $0.86
>and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
>
>James Silverton
>Potomac, Maryland
>
>E-mail, with obvious alterations:
>not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not
http://free.charts.xe.com/misc/xe.asp?ref=freechart
Select US/Eur, 10 year.
Bottomed at around 88c in 01-02.
Cheers, Alan, Australia
--
http://loraltravel.blogspot.com/
latest: Athens and The Adriatic
http://loraldiabetes.blogspot.com/
<not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not> wrote:
> Lars wrote on Fri, 13 Apr 2007 18:55:38 GMT:
>
> ??>>> The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars
>
> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
> ??>> dollar...???
>
> L> When the Euro was first introduced I think it was only worth
> L> about 0.90 US$.
>
>The introductory value was $1.18 at 1/4/99 but its value when
>the big switchover occurred at the beginning of 2002 *was*
>0.9039 according to my records. It had gone as low as $0.83
>before it became regular currency, hit a low in 2002 of $0.86
>and has climbed steadily (with fluctuations) since.
>
>James Silverton
>Potomac, Maryland
>
>E-mail, with obvious alterations:
>not.jim.silverton.at.comcast.not
http://free.charts.xe.com/misc/xe.asp?ref=freechart
Select US/Eur, 10 year.
Bottomed at around 88c in 01-02.
Cheers, Alan, Australia
--
http://loraltravel.blogspot.com/
latest: Athens and The Adriatic
http://loraldiabetes.blogspot.com/
Apr 13th 2007 | 5:42 pm
#23
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 23:44:47 +0200, Deeply Filled Mortician
<deepfreudmoors@eITmISaACTUALLYiREAL!l.nu> wrote:
>Bush is just an idiot. It was the American voters that reelected the
>likes of Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. For that you have no one to
>blame but yourselves or your neighbours.
Actually, Bush is a fascist idiot.
fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete
power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all
industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism
and often racism.
idiot: an utterly foolish or senseless person.
There ya go.
As for me, I'm going to continue voting against the fascists. This
often means voting for Democrats I find repugnant, but modern
elections are a choice between the lesser of two evils.
- TR
<deepfreudmoors@eITmISaACTUALLYiREAL!l.nu> wrote:
>Bush is just an idiot. It was the American voters that reelected the
>likes of Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. For that you have no one to
>blame but yourselves or your neighbours.
Actually, Bush is a fascist idiot.
fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete
power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all
industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism
and often racism.
idiot: an utterly foolish or senseless person.
There ya go.
As for me, I'm going to continue voting against the fascists. This
often means voting for Democrats I find repugnant, but modern
elections are a choice between the lesser of two evils.
- TR
Apr 13th 2007 | 7:03 pm
#24
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On 13/04/07 17:24, in article
[email protected]. net, "Gregory Morrow"
<[email protected]> wrote:
The 5 yr graph is given at
http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/co...USD&amt=1&t=5y
It was just below 0.9 dollars per euro. The current level is 1.35
so the rise from 0.9 is about 50%. But that is a false calculation,
visually the graph indicates the overall average is about 1.15-1.20
and is has been trading in the 1.20-1.30 range for the last
3 years.
[email protected]. net, "Gregory Morrow"
<[email protected]> wrote:
The 5 yr graph is given at
http://finance.yahoo.com/currency/co...USD&amt=1&t=5y
It was just below 0.9 dollars per euro. The current level is 1.35
so the rise from 0.9 is about 50%. But that is a false calculation,
visually the graph indicates the overall average is about 1.15-1.20
and is has been trading in the 1.20-1.30 range for the last
3 years.
Apr 13th 2007 | 8:29 pm
#25
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 02:45:54 GMT, Alan S <[email protected]> wrote:
>> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
>> ??>> dollar...???
>http://free.charts.xe.com/misc/xe.asp?ref=freechart
>Select US/Eur, 10 year.
Ten years is not long enough.
Lars
Stockholm
>> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
>> ??>> dollar...???
>http://free.charts.xe.com/misc/xe.asp?ref=freechart
>Select US/Eur, 10 year.
Ten years is not long enough.
Lars
Stockholm
Apr 13th 2007 | 8:36 pm
#26
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 11:38:31 -0700, VainGlorious
<[email protected]> wrote:
>You can also plan a trip to non-Euro countries, where the dollar still
Or why not Cambodia? I visited there around New Years. The dollar was
actually rated higher than the Euro. Just a few percent, but still.
>And yes, Bush is a fascist idiot.
I doubt he is a fascist, but imcompetent and surrounded by
exceptionally poor advisers.
Lars
Stockholm
<[email protected]> wrote:
>You can also plan a trip to non-Euro countries, where the dollar still
Or why not Cambodia? I visited there around New Years. The dollar was
actually rated higher than the Euro. Just a few percent, but still.
>And yes, Bush is a fascist idiot.
I doubt he is a fascist, but imcompetent and surrounded by
exceptionally poor advisers.
Lars
Stockholm
Apr 13th 2007 | 8:55 pm
#27
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 08:29:36 GMT, Lars <[email protected]> wrote:
>On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 02:45:54 GMT, Alan S <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>>> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
>>> ??>> dollar...???
>
>>http://free.charts.xe.com/misc/xe.asp?ref=freechart
>>Select US/Eur, 10 year.
>
>Ten years is not long enough.
It's more than enough for ECB.
--
Martin
>On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 02:45:54 GMT, Alan S <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>>> ??>> What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the
>>> ??>> dollar...???
>
>>http://free.charts.xe.com/misc/xe.asp?ref=freechart
>>Select US/Eur, 10 year.
>
>Ten years is not long enough.
It's more than enough for ECB.
--
Martin
Apr 14th 2007 | 4:21 am
#28
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
VainGlorious wrote:
> On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 23:44:47 +0200, Deeply Filled Mortician
> <deepfreudmoors@eITmISaACTUALLYiREAL!l.nu> wrote:
>
>
>>Bush is just an idiot. It was the American voters that reelected the
>>likes of Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. For that you have no one to
>>blame but yourselves or your neighbours.
>
>
> Actually, Bush is a fascist idiot.
>
> fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete
> power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all
> industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism
> and often racism.
Sounds like Vladimir Putin.
>
> idiot: an utterly foolish or senseless person.
>
That doesn't sound like Vladimir Putin.
T.
> There ya go.
>
> As for me, I'm going to continue voting against the fascists. This
> often means voting for Democrats I find repugnant, but modern
> elections are a choice between the lesser of two evils.
>
> - TR
>
>
>
>
>
> On Fri, 13 Apr 2007 23:44:47 +0200, Deeply Filled Mortician
> <deepfreudmoors@eITmISaACTUALLYiREAL!l.nu> wrote:
>
>
>>Bush is just an idiot. It was the American voters that reelected the
>>likes of Cheney, Rumsfeld and Wolfowitz. For that you have no one to
>>blame but yourselves or your neighbours.
>
>
> Actually, Bush is a fascist idiot.
>
> fascism: a governmental system led by a dictator having complete
> power, forcibly suppressing opposition and criticism, regimenting all
> industry, commerce, etc., and emphasizing an aggressive nationalism
> and often racism.
Sounds like Vladimir Putin.
>
> idiot: an utterly foolish or senseless person.
>
That doesn't sound like Vladimir Putin.
T.
> There ya go.
>
> As for me, I'm going to continue voting against the fascists. This
> often means voting for Democrats I find repugnant, but modern
> elections are a choice between the lesser of two evils.
>
> - TR
>
>
>
>
>
Apr 14th 2007 | 5:47 am
#29
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
EvelynVogtGamble(Divamanque) wrote;
> Gregory Morrow wrote:
>
> > Earl Evleth wrote:
> >
> >
> >>Actually it is flirting with a record high.
> >>
> >>***
> >>Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
> >>
> >>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
> >>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
> >>rates.
> >
> >
> >
> > What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
>
> My first trip to Europe after the euro was adopted, it was
> worth about 0.80 USD. How times have changed!
I am kicking myself for not engaging in some speculative currency trading
:-(
--
Best
Greg
> Gregory Morrow wrote:
>
> > Earl Evleth wrote:
> >
> >
> >>Actually it is flirting with a record high.
> >>
> >>***
> >>Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
> >>
> >>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
> >>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
> >>rates.
> >
> >
> >
> > What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
>
> My first trip to Europe after the euro was adopted, it was
> worth about 0.80 USD. How times have changed!
I am kicking myself for not engaging in some speculative currency trading
:-(
--
Best
Greg
Apr 14th 2007 | 6:11 am
#30
Guest
Posts: n/a
Re: Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
On Sat, 14 Apr 2007 17:47:36 GMT, in rec.travel.europe, "Gregory Morrow"
<[email protected]> arranged some electrons, so they looked like this:
...
... EvelynVogtGamble(Divamanque) wrote;
...
... > Gregory Morrow wrote:
... >
... > > Earl Evleth wrote:
... > >
... > >
... > >>Actually it is flirting with a record high.
... > >>
... > >>***
... > >>Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
... > >>
... > >>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
... > >>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
... > >>rates.
... > >
... > >
... > >
... > > What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
... >
... > My first trip to Europe after the euro was adopted, it was
... > worth about 0.80 USD. How times have changed!
...
...
... I am kicking myself for not engaging in some speculative currency trading
... :-(
Are you saying that you have never visited Europe?
<[email protected]> arranged some electrons, so they looked like this:
...
... EvelynVogtGamble(Divamanque) wrote;
...
... > Gregory Morrow wrote:
... >
... > > Earl Evleth wrote:
... > >
... > >
... > >>Actually it is flirting with a record high.
... > >>
... > >>***
... > >>Euro hits new two-year high against dollar
... > >>
... > >>LONDON (AFP) - The euro surged on Friday to 1.3534 dollars, the highest
... > >>level since January 3, 2005, on expectations of rising eurozone interest
... > >>rates.
... > >
... > >
... > >
... > > What is the lowest the Euro has ever been against the dollar...???
... >
... > My first trip to Europe after the euro was adopted, it was
... > worth about 0.80 USD. How times have changed!
...
...
... I am kicking myself for not engaging in some speculative currency trading
... :-(
Are you saying that you have never visited Europe?
