JAJ

We don't know the full story behind what happened but I would suggest that in some countries a court might not wish to return a child to a country which refused residence rights to the child's parent. And this could be done using the existing clauses of the Convention. Would be interesting to know if there is any case law.

Of course, the best solution is not to get into that situation in the first place. While relationships often break up, moving to another country as a tourist and allowing yourself become illegal (or on some other temporary status) while you start a family counts as a very "not smart" life strategy.