Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Old Sep 6th 2013, 1:47 am
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Smile Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

A very good morning to you all

After my Postcards from England which I thank you so much for following, I invite you to discover the 3 Borders Country where I am settled since the late Spring, in Luxembourg, very little known country yet so close, neighbour to France, Germany and Belgium.

I invite you to follow me through a discovery of a brand new environment for me, its history, colours and traditions.

Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Karim
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Old Sep 6th 2013, 2:49 am
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Smile Re: Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Welcome to Luxembourg !





Map of Luxembourg



Luxembourg City Map



Luxembourg City View of Lower and Upper Town



View of Lower Town



View of Upper Town


I will shortly continue the introduction of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and its capital Luxembourg City, its history and of course, my very first pictures of the 3 Borders Country ...

I wish you all a great day !

Karim
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Old Sep 6th 2013, 12:16 pm
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Default Re: Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Great shots Karim, I especially like the canal scene with the reflections in the water! Hope you are enjoying your travels
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Old Sep 6th 2013, 2:08 pm
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As always, great pictures. Thanks for sharing. Took me back to the days when I used to tune into Radio Luxembourg to hear the latest pop songs.
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Old Sep 6th 2013, 4:54 pm
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Default Re: Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Very interesting and it looks lovely! I hope you are enjoying living there.
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Old Sep 6th 2013, 8:49 pm
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Default Re: Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Beautiful! Can't wait to see the rest...
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Old Sep 7th 2013, 5:37 am
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Sublime..
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Old Sep 9th 2013, 2:55 am
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Smile Re: Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

Thank you so much dear Friends 3

It is so good to be back

Karim
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Old Sep 9th 2013, 2:57 am
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Smile Re: Welcome to the 3 Borders Country !

A Short History of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg


Despite of its relatively small size - 2.586 square kilometers for 500 000 inhabitants - the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is an authentic state with a rich and eventful history. Located in the heart of Europe, between France, Belgium and Germany, it has contributed to the great European évolutions.

The eventful past of the Grand Duchy is a real condensed of the history of Europe. In the Middle Ages, its Princes wore the crown of the Holy Roman German Empire. During the more recent history, its fortess was a major goal in the dispute between the major powers of the time.

Before finally gaining independance in the 19th century, the Luxembourg belonged to a succession of Counts, then the Dukes of Luxembourg, then the Dukes of Burgundy, Spanish Kings, French Kings, Austria Emperor and finally teh Dutch Kings.

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Old Sep 9th 2013, 2:58 am
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The Origins of the Grand Duchy

The name Lucilinburhuc meaning "small castle", appeared for the first time around 963 in a chart of exchange. With this document, the Count Sigefroi acquired the Saint Maximin of Trèves Abbaye, a small fortified place ( castellum quod dicitur Lucilinburhuc ) located on the Bock Rocky Hill dominating the Valley of Alzette. This territory belonged then to the occidental fringe of the Holy Roman German Empire.

Count Sigefroi


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Old Sep 9th 2013, 3:02 am
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The Territorial Rallying ( XIe - XIIIe centuries )

When Sigefroi settled at the Bock, he owned land by the river Mosellen Sûre and Alzette as well as in the Ardennes, but his possessions remained dispersed.

The County of Luxembourg, as a Territorial Principalty with well defined borders, is a creation from the descendants of Sigefroi. Conrad the 1st ( who died in 1086 ) is the first to wear the official title of "Comes of Luccelemburc" or Count of Luxembourg. The fortress castle Lucilinburhuc became the center point around which the territorial rallying occured during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries. The growing territories were achieved through mariages, land purchase, through vassalage links and above all through war.

The Counts of Luxembourg succeeded in beating their rivals, even if they sometimes themselves suffered great losses as in the Worringen Battle in 1288 in which the Count Henry VI and three of his brothers perished.

By the end of the 13th century, the County on Luxembourg occupied a vast territory located between the rivers Meuse and Moselle. It has the particularity of beng located right on a linguistic border which results in half of its population speaking French and the other half German.

Bock Cliff




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Old Sep 9th 2013, 3:04 am
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At the Head of the German Empire ( 14th-15th Centuries )

At the beginning of the 14th century, the House of Luxembourg got access to to imperial throne.

In 1308, the Count Henry VII was elected King of Germany by the elector princes by recommendation of his brother Baudouin, archbishop of Trèves, and by Pierre d'Aspelt, archbishop from Mayence, also from Luxembourg origins. A Pope legate crowned him emperor in Rome in 1312. His son, John the Blind, married the heiress of the Bohemia kingdom and became king of Bohemia. Knight celebrated for his virtues, he died as a hero while serving the King of France in the Crecy battle in 1346.

Following Henry VII, 3 other members of the Luxembourg dynasty wore successively the imperial crown :
•Charles IV (1346-1378),
•Wenceslas (1376-1400) and
•Sigismond (1410-1437).
Charles IV elevated the County of Luxembourg to the rank of Grand Duchy in 1354. After the acquisition of the County of Chiny in 1364, the Grand Duchy became at its larger size.

However, with the accession to the imperial dignity, the Luxembourg princes lost interest in their country of origin, country which soon felt in the hands of foreign princes.

In 1443, the Duke of Burgundy, Philippe le Bon, won the town of Luxembourg. The Duchy then became a Dutch province. During the following four centuries, its destiny was became closely linked to this georaphical and political region.


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Old Sep 9th 2013, 3:06 am
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A Dutch Province ( 15th - 18th centuries )

In modern times, the Dutch Country changed its sovereignty according to the dysnastic and politic currents of the era. Following the death of the Duke of Burgundy, Charles le Téméraire ( 1477 ), the Dutch Country went into the hands of the Habsbourg. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Duchy of Luxembourg and the others provinces which were part of the Dutch Country belonged to the Spanish branch of the Habsbourg.

On the European chessboard, the Luxembourg occupies an important strategic position. From the 16th century, the country is involved in numerous wars which the Spanish Habsbourg, the French Valois and the French Bourbon are fighting for the egemony in Europe. The town of Luxembourg is progressively transformed into one of the most famous fortresses in Europe, true "Gibraltar of the North".

Remains of the Luxembourg Fortress


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Old Sep 9th 2013, 3:07 am
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The Creation of the Grand Duchy at the Vienna Congress (1815)

In 1815, the collapse of Napoleon's Empire leads to a redefinition of the map of Europe which will have unexpected conséquences for Luxembourg.

As a way to build an opposition wall towards France, the power nations gathered at the Vienna Congress decided to create a Grand Dutch Kingdom. This new state included the Netherlands, Liège in today's Belgium and the old Austrian Netherlands. Logically, the Luxembourg should have been included into it.

But the diplomats of the time agreed differently. As a result, the Luxembourg became an exception and unique political entity. It was officially declared as a Grand Duchy given to the Dutch King William the First of Orange Nassau, who wore from now the title of Grand Duke. The elevation to the rank of Grand Duchy did not stop the country from being amputed from a vast region located East of the Moselle, Sûr and Our rivers. These territories were given to Prussia.

Map of Europe after the Vienna Congress in 1815


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Old Sep 9th 2013, 3:10 am
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The Making of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg as we know it today (1839)

On the paper, the Luxembourg became a Dutch state in 1815. However in reality, William the First did not make the difference. He governed the Grand Duchy as if it was the 18th province of his kingdom.

During 18 years, the Grand Duchy continued to live Under a double administration : the Orange Nassau power limited to its fortress when the rest of the country was Under Belgium authority.

Finally, William the First rallied to the original power nation's decision. The London treaty established on 18th April 1839 imposed the division of the Grand Duchy. There were from then, two distinctive Luxembourg :
•The Grand Duchy which remained Under the sovereignty of the Orange Nassau,
•and the Belgian Luxembourg which became a province of Belgium.
The 1839 treaty hes reshaped the country as we know it today.

Map of today's Luxembourg



Luxembourg Flag

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House of Luxembourg Arms



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