Just want to be with my partner & overwhelmed
#16

Yes, that wasn't around long. It was introduced and then taken away again fairly swiftly.
It's always been the case that a spouse can sponsor, nothing has changed with regard to eligibility in terms of who a Canadian or PR can sponsor.
Siouxie has given you the link to the info on Family Class, that's worth a read if you're not sure of the requirements. Unfortunately, unless the OP gets married, that's not an option for him.
#17

Potentially, yes. There are over 50 routes to PR, the OP may well be eligible for one but he only asked about work permits. Hopefully he'll come back with more info i.e. tell us exactly what he does for a job, and then we can try and help him find a route over.